Summary
The goal of the editing phase is to prep your project for mixing. Tracks should be easily exportable when done. Once complete the project should sound pretty good, even before mixing.
Another tip: I like to think of the “edit” project as if I had just raw pre-recorded tracks and not the raw “source” of the amp sims, midi instruments etc.
- Prepare to edit
- Sound Prep
- Organize Project
- Mix Prep
- Finalize
1 - Preparing to Edit
1.a - Work with a copy
Can’t stress this enough. Duplicate your “tracking” project and rename the new project to denote that its the “edit” project.
Typically I’ll work with this project separately and wont retrack any new or modified parts into the “edit” project. If I do need to retrack or add some tracks, I’ll do that in the “tracking” project and then import the tracks into the “edit” project using File > Import > Logic Projects…
You will mostly be working outside of the mixer as your focus is on cleaning up each track to its fullest.
1.b - Misc Prep
Buffer Size: Set your buffer size to 1024 (Prefs > Audio > IO Buffer size)
Take notes: As I’m working on an edit I take “TODO” notes of things I need to come back to later as I’m reviewing tracks (e.g. “Fix the bass buzz @2:19”). You will also want a place to collect your notes for mixing.
2 - Sound Prep
Working “in the box” (ITB) makes it easy to manipulate instrument sounds after recording - but it also makes it harder to commit to decisions as you would if you were micing an amp or drums.
I typically have my amp sim sounds set during tracking but I may make some final tweaks in editing if some of the sim settings are causing problems on the track. The reason I make some sound choices in Edit is because once the tracks are cleaned up, you will hear the song differently and it may make sense to tweak sounds at this point.
2.a - Set your drums
Note: This assumes you are using midi drums…
Set the performance: If you havent done this in the tracking project, do it now. Get all the notes, timing and velocity right. Velocity tweaks can make a big difference.
Set the drum set: Pick a drum setting/sound you want.
Convert Drummer to midi: If you are using Logic Drummer, then you should convert the regions to midi. Select all the regions, right click and “Convert to midi”
Humanize the performance: Assuming your midi drums are perfectly quantized, you will typically want to “humanize” the performance to make it sound less robotic - unless thats the drum sound you’re going for: (https://splice.com/blog/humanize-your-drums/).
TIP: If you’re using Logic Drum settings, switch to a “Producer” kit. You will have more choices of drum heads and cymbals plus you will typically want to mix with the producer kit anyways. (https://splice.com/blog/humanize-your-drums/)
2.b - Set guitar / bass amp sim sounds
Set your guitar and bass amp sim settings: Get your guitar and bass amp sims as close to final as possible. I try to keep things about as close to a mic’ed session as possible. That means, no Logic effects after the amp sim.
My guitar chain: My typical chain on guitar is Noise Gate > Pedalboard > Amp Sim.
My bass chain: My typical bass chain is just the Amp Sim. My recording interface supports running its own plugins on the interface and not on the computer so I like to record with a bit of EQ and some compression - so in that case, I’ll use the plugins before the Amp Sim.
2.c - Set other sounds
Finally run through any keys, synths, sound effects and finalize their sounds.
This is important to do with many of the logic pro synth presets because they often have reverb or compression or other “Fat” sounding plugins that sound good in isolation but mess up the mix. Turn off the plugins that dont enhance the sound.
It may also help to “Humanize” any keyboard or synth parts that are quantized.
3. Organize Project
Organizing the project will make mix prep that much easier.
3.a - Arrange tracks by instrument
Delete unused tracks: If you tracks that aren’t going to be used or will not be used for comping, delete them now. You have a backup in your “tracking” project, right? Right!?
- Exception to the rule: Its ok to keep tracks muted if you are using then as a source for another instrument - like a vocoder or follow track for drummer, etc
- Exception to the rule: Its ok to keep tracks muted if you are using then as a source for another instrument - like a vocoder or follow track for drummer, etc
Name your tracks: Go through your tracks and name them in a way that you can understand the track as you are working. If you’re like me and you have lots of duplicate track names, now is when you want to fix that.
Color code / Iconize tracks: I find it useful to organize my tracks by color and set a track icon. To set a color, right click on a track header and “Set track color”
- TIP: Once you have set your track colors you can select all your regions, right click, and “apply track color”
- PRO TIP: There are lots of techniques online and youtube explaining how to auto-assign track colors or quickly assign colors. Check em out!
- TIP: Once you have set your track colors you can select all your regions, right click, and “apply track color”
Group into Folder Stacks I find it helpful to group my tracks into Folder stacks, even during editing. Its makes it easier to do timing and pitch correction because you can mute/solo/volume± groups of tracks. I typically have groups for Guitars, Keys/Pads, Fx. To create a folder stack, select some stacks, right-click on them and “Create folder stack…” Note you want to create a folder stack and not a summing stack.
3.b - Finalize arrangement
Song section markers - Setup section markers for your song if you have not already done so: (https://loopcommunity.com/blog/2019/11/how-to-use-markers-and-edit-your-arrangement-in-logic-pro/)
Finalize regions - If you have regions on a track that you may want to mute in the final arrangement…now is the time to make that choice and mute them.
4. Mix Prep
Time to clean up all the tracks. I usually start with drums, then bass, then guitar/keys, then vocals. Track by track…one-by-one. Dont be afraid to solo or mute tracks or to adjust levels temporarily so you can hear the current track better or hear it in relation to another track.
4.a - Track cleanup
For each track do the following. You can pretty much do this in any order you see fit. Here’s what works for me.
Note that I will often cleanup tails when I finish up a group. For instance, once I’ve done the track cleanup on vocal tracks, I will fix the tails at that point.
4.a.1 - Disable unnecessary plugins and Sends
If you haven’t done this yet, do this now. Disable any plugins that shouldn’t be printed to the track.
Its also a good idea to disable sends as hearing delay/reverb on tracks makes it more difficult to edit timing and pitch.
4.a.2. - Comp Tracks
If you haven’t comped the track, do that now. Once you are done comping a region, “Flatten and merge” the comp.
TIP There are a lot of good videos on youtube explaining how to comp in Logic Pro.
4.a.3 - Fix timing
Fix the track timing using the Logic Flex Timing tools. There are many good videos on youtube explaining how to use it. Just search for “logic pro flex time”
TIP Less is better with timing fixes. Too much editing will lose the groove.
TIP For the best groove - the bass note may be played slightly before or after the downbeat. I usually find the bass guitar works best slightly later than the downbeat.
TIP I will often solo both the drums and the track I’m working on. Its always bet to manipulate flex time in relation to the actual drum performance.
TIP When working on guitar tracks, I will often solo the drums, bass and guitar I’m working on.
4.a.4 - Fix pitch
Fix the pitch of vocals using the Logic Pro “Flex Pitch” function. Typically I only do this on vocals. Again use it sparingly and always compare in relation to rest of track.
There are several tutorials on YouTube that explain how to use Flex Pitch.
4.a.5 - Eliminate noise
Clean up any unwanted noise on tracks. We’re talking things like coughing or breathing in between vocal lines. Or guitar noise during parts that should be silent.
An easy way to do this is to use the Remove Silence feature (https://www.iphonefirmware.com/editing-noisey-audio-files-with-remove-silence-in-logic-pro-x/).
You can also use the marquee tool to split and excise noise glitches manually.
Note: if you need to fix fret buzz or finger noise or if it bothers you, you probably need to re-record that part. If you can’t re-record the part you may be able to use automation or other editing to reduce the noise.
4.a.6 - Insert fades/cross fades
If you hear clicks or pops on transitions between recorded regions, you should set up a cross fade between the two regions. (https://support.apple.com/guide/logicpro/create-automatic-crossfades-lgcp9260fa9c/mac)
LMGTFY Again lots of content out there when searching for “logic pro crossfade”.
If you need make performance fade in/fade out…do that now.
4.a.7 - Normalize Region Gain
Because I suck and can’t play a long track, I record in sections. Sometimes I record those sections at different times and forget to write down my guitar/amp/mic settings and end up with a track with different gain on different region. While its possible to manually adjust the gain on each region, you can use a new feature in logic 10.4 to automaticaly do this: (https://www.pro-tools-expert.com/logic-pro-expert/2020/8/6/gain-stage-all-your-tracks-in-one-click-with-logics-awesome-normalize-region-gain-function)
I will typically use the settings: Individual Regions, Loudness, -23lfs. Note however that this may change your sound slightly when using guitar and amp simes. Anecdotally speaking, some people think driving the logic amp sim slightly harder makes it sound better. Use your ears as a guide.
4.b - Time Align (Vocal) Tracks
You will want to Time Align vocal and instrument ensemble “phrases” to tighten up the performance. For instance - if you are singing “oooh” as a group harmony on multiple tracks, it will sound tighter if you have all the “oooh” vocals end at the same time.
This is typically most apparent on vocal harmonies and backing vocals but it applies to guitar and key/synth ensembles as well.
I use the Flex Time tool to do this. This is a decent tutorial: (https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/logic-using-flex-time-vocals)
LMGTFY: “Logic pro time align vocal track”
TIP I will usually tighten up the phrasing and clean tails once I’ve done track cleanup on the ensemble tracks.
4.d - Other
Some other things that you may need to do during editing if you’re your micing multiple tracks might include:
- Align phase of tracks
- Group tracks that are stereo mic’ed
5 - Finalize
Hey. You made it here and you’re almost done!
5.a - Write mix notes
Write up mix instructional notes. Anything that you think is imparative for you or the other person mixing to know. Make sure you identify the track! For example:
> #11: Repeating 1/8th note delays at the end of phrases @ 2:04, 3:31
> #23: Double track guitar artificially
> Fade out master @4:19
5.b - Panning/Levels
Go ahead and set your panning and levels now and listen again. You may find other things that are in need of editing once you’ve done this.
Bounce out the project and give it a test listen. It probably sounds much better than it did going in.
5.c - Consolidate & Remove unused
Remove your unused recording tracks and consolidate to make your Edit project smaller. (https://brianli.com/how-to-delete-unused-audio-files-in-logic-pro-x/)
5.d - Bounce tracks in place (Optional)
This is totally optional as usually I’m mixing my own music. I find it easier to create a new Mix project and then import in tracks THEN bounce in place (bip).
This wont necessarily work if you are sending to someone else to have mixed. They will typically have their own process. Usually they want you to create stems and “Bounce in Place” your tracks.
If you are sending to me to mix then I would appreciate “BIP”-ing all tracks and grouping them together in a folder stack.
Typically when I’m doing a “bip” I treat it as though I’m “printing” a recorded track.
- remove/disable plugins that aren’t there for sound manipulation purposes
- On the export dialog, deselect bypass plugins and include volume/pan info.
Here’s a tip on how to to bounce tracks out as a group: (https://whylogicprorules.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-exporting-your-tracks-out-of-logic-pro-x-part-1-of-3/)
Reference
- How to use flex time on vocals: (https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/logic-using-flex-time-vocals)
- How to “Humanize” midi performance
- How to transfer tracks between logic projects: (https://www.logicprohelp.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=129907)
- How to bulk export track to stems: (https://whylogicprorules.com/the-ultimate-guide-to-exporting-your-tracks-out-of-logic-pro-x-part-1-of-3/)